BSP2005 Class 5 S2 2015 Culture - 2646 Words

Business Culture in Asia Asian Business Environments Dr. Markus Taussig, NUS Business School Friday, February 13 (Week 5) 1 This Week Housekeeping, Preclass assessment Quick review of last week (politics) This week: culture âÅ"“country to firm view transition âÅ"“mini case on K-Pop 2 Housekeeping Need to make past assessment questions available to you No class next week Next week’s pre-class assessment will be early No class the following week either! 3 Pre-Class Assessment QUESTION ANSWER SHARE CORRECT 1 A 99% 2 TRUE 70% 3 B 98% 4 B 89% 5 D 93% 6 D 94% 7 C 97% 8 D 65% 57% 9 C 10 FALSE 75% 11 C 94% 12 C 93% 13 D 82% 14 B 86% 15 OPINION — 16 OPINION — 17 OPINION — 18 OPINION — 19†¦show more content†¦3.52 MacIntyre: Veto Points Crisis Assumes roughly equal shock and vulnerability to it across countries So different outcomes are result of different policy responses to crisis Policy responses flow from institutional setups 13 Logic of Veto Points (1): Credible Commitment stable, dependable policy environment requires ability to make binding promises Too few veto points and you have POLICY VOLATILITY, where policy is unpredictable 14 Logic of Veto Points (2): Decisiveness Appropriate flexible and responsive policy in dynamic environments require institutions that respond in an efficient and timely manner Too many veto points lead to POLICY RIGIDITY that won’t budge from the status quo when needed 15 MacIntyre’s Happy Medium 16 Veto Points in SE Asia Thailand was stuck in gridlock Indonesia vacillated wildly Philippines (maybe Malaysia) struck a good compromise 17 SE Asian Veto Points over Time Thailand 1997 Indonesia 2006 18 2013 Politics Growth July 2011 TEDtalk by Prof. Yasheng Huang, Sloan School of Management, MIT 19 Clark (1987): Labor Inefficiency due to†¦ Culture? 20 Clark (1987): Labor Inefficiency is Location-Specific 21 Is Clark’s conclusion convincing? 22 Culture! Country-, Firm-, Individual-level Perspectives 23 Country-Level Perspective 24 We Like Identifying Cultural Explanations Clash of civilizations National success or failure Corporate success or

The Industrialization Of The Agricultural Revolution

Jascha Zywicki Test 1 Population Problems JD Question 3: 4 points One of the biggest technological turning points in human population history was the Agricultural revolution. The Agricultural revolution provided a surplus of resources that increased a given population’s survival. This happens when a hunter-gatherer society learns to farm instead of solely depending on hunting for food or other resources. During the Agricultural revolution, with fertile soil and knowledge of climate, the potential of farming could produce a large surplus of resources with carrying capacity. This advancement in resource management increased life expectancy compared to previous hunter gathering societies. Nutrition is the name of the game, which provided people livelihood and health so people could live longer. This means mortality rate decreases via population surviving for longer periods of time. On a graph, population can represent the x value and resources as the y, and both values have a positive correlation. Therefore, producing more resources increases the population growth during this time of social development. During the Agricultural Revolution, a surplus of goods created a social stratification system that made populations more stable than the previous hunter-gatherers. Hm? The second biggest technological turning point was the Industrial Revolution. It was marked by a controlled environment and steady rate of population growth. Technological advancements, like birthShow MoreRelatedThe Industrialization Of The Agricultural Revolution Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pagestools, which eventually gave rise to the technological world we see today. All of this relates back to our high intelligence, which we could not have attained without the incorporation of meat and cooking into our diets. The Agricultural Revolution The domestication of animals and cultivation of land resulted in substantial shifts in the types of food we consumed. This event began around 11,000 years ago, which is relatively recent in evolutionary time (Carrera-Bastos et al., 2011). The changeRead MoreIndustrialization : The Transformation Period From An Agricultural Economy1157 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrialization: the transformation period from an agricultural economy to a mass-producing one. This is an essential step towards avoiding poverty that is established in less-developed states by transitioning from an agrarian to an industrial society. Two broad aspects of industrializing are a change in labor activity, such as farming to manufacturing, and how productive economic output occurs. Within this process, new industries are allowed to develop and the quality of life is improved due toRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution and the Deterioration of the Traditional Family 1216 Words   |  5 Pagesyears. American families wo rked hard on their agricultural properties reaping the rewards of the American dream. Then, in the late nineteenth century, the United States of America was hit by the worldwide phenomenon known as the Industrial Revolution, and the U.S. was transformed into an industrial colossus. The vast lands of America made abundant resources available to those who wished to utilize them. This opened up new jobs, and the once agricultural families were, for the first time, split up;Read MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay595 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution is a term usually applied to the social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society, to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than tools. There have been numerous debates to the use of this term because the word revolution suggests sudden, violent, unparalleled change. Even though there was an unparalleled change in the world, it was by no means sudden norRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Industrialization of the 19th Century in America Matt Capone FIN 419 Professor Moore May 3, 2014 Over the course of time, the country of America has changed in many ways. Towards the end of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrializationRead MoreWhy Was Britain The First Nation?1479 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Industrial Revolution involved a more rapid growth rate in industrial production from about 1.5 per cent per annum from 1700 to 1780 to one between 2 and 3 per cent in half-century afterwards.† claims Evans which saw life in Britain change forever. However, the main focus of this essay is to consider why Britain was the first country to go through this radical development. Britain’s industrial revolution could not have been possible without the agricultural revolution. The essay will describeRead MoreStalin And The Soviet Union1700 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped country. Mostly agriculture, a high producer of grain but without industry. Only the capital Moscow had started to industrialize but in a very centralized area in small and slow steps. The Russian people had just been through World War 1, two revolutions in 1917, civil war and famine by the time Stalin took the reigns of the country. All which had massive impacts on the state of the economy. Stalin saw Russia as weak compared to her counterparts and wanted to strengthen Russia and bring her to theRead MoreRussia and Latin Americas Responses to Industrialization Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesand Latin America responded similarly to industrialization in the formation of a growing middle class, in a â€Å"boom† in exports and new economic ties, in urbanization, and in similar acts of revolutionary disobedience against a dictator. Latin America, as a result of industrialization, created a small market for manufactured goods unl ike Russia’s vast industrial market powered by foreign investments. Also, there were long-term effects to Russia’s revolution in which a socialist political party wasRead MoreLabor and Industrialization in American History Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesLabor and Industrialization in American History The phrase ‘Rise Of Smokestack America’ is often used in reference to the industrial revolution during which America’s industrial growth led to the growth of factories and modern cities, the development of social classes due to division of labor and race. During this period, the American labor force transformed tremendously as the nation evolved from a largely agricultural society into a relatively modern society. Role of Labor Force in the TransitionRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. There were several people involved in the industrialization process, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The Industrial Revolution completely restructured the old America into a completely different place in which we now live in. These changes brought about railroads, manufacturing cities, and population growth;

Essay On Julius Caesar - 1650 Words

Introduction- Julius Caesar was a dictator of Rome in 47 BC, and then in 44 BC, he was appointed dictator for life.But really, who was Julius Caesar? Who is this man that was murdered because of his poor leadership? Some historians may believe that Julius Caesar did things that was for the benefit of Rome, and that he made Rome more powerful in a strong way. I understand why some people think that he was a good person, he did do things to benefit Rome. For one thing, he supposedly did give rights to the foreign citizen tribes outside of Rome, and although he did do other things to benefit Rome, all in all, I believe that Julius Caesar was a horrific dictator because he didn’t have good relationship skills, he couldn’t see that he was†¦show more content†¦They were raising taxes, and Julius was hungry for power. As the laws of Rome read that he had to kill the current dictator to become the new dictator, he killed Sulla, and became the new dictator.- If you were a part of the senate in Rome at that time, and you agreed with the current dictator s philosophies, and then a new one came along that did everything differently, would you support him? The senate grew angry with a ll of Caesars ideas, and that s how they re terrible relationship started†¦ Maybe you still believe that my point of Caesar, having bad relationships is phony, but think from another point of view, Because in the end, the senate decided to stab him 23 times, one of those people being his best friends†¦ These three reasons show why I think Julius Caesar had bad relationships, and that goes to show that he was a horrific dictator. P2- Hurting, not helping Rome Julius Caesar wanted the biggest and the best of everything, but, the Idea that Caesar was creating a more powerful environment for the people of Rome was a complete distorted philosophy. Caesar may have been able to make his way to the top of dictatorship, but he ended up hitting rock bottom for his ways. Wanting the most beautiful empire is not a crime, but, Caesar had no right taking people from their friends and families to use as slaves to build the beauty that is Rome. As we are trickedShow MoreRelatedJulius Caesar Essay662 Words   |  3 PagesEnglish II November 30, 2011. Julius Caesar ´s Essay Julius Caesar is mostly known for his great leadership in Rome ´s Empire, he accomplished everything he purposed and he did whatever it took to make it happen. He had all it took to be such a leader; women were in love with him, men wanted to be part of his army and children wanted to be like him when they grow up. For Caesar all it took was courage and selfishness to get to where he was. A leader is a person who knows the way; goes theRead MoreEssay Julius Caesar931 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar Expository Essay The decisions that one man makes can determine the length of life. Rome has many people that have the characteristics to be great leaders. Antony is a manipulative man, Brutus is an honorable man, and Octavius is a quiet strength. All three men would do an excellent job in leading Rome. Antony is a manipulative man. This is shown throughout the play in several cases, but most prominently at Caesar’s funeral. â€Å"I thrice presented him a kingly crown which he didRead MoreJulius Caesar Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Conflicting Perspectives Essay: As Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius once suggested â€Å"Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth†; embodying the notion that conflicting perspectives are held by different people towards both events and individuals. I believe that this common idea is held true in William Shakespeare’s production ‘Julius Caesar’, discussing the conflict between Brutus, Cassius and Antony, Richard Glover’s Sydney Morning Herald articleRead MoreEssay on Julius Caesar951 Words   |  4 PagesEarly life Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 B.C. Though he was a descendent of the oldest patrician family, Julius Caesar grew up in a very poor district of Rome called Subura. As a child, he studied martial arts, history, and law (â€Å"Julius Caesar†). At the age of seventeen, Julius married Cornelia, the daughter of Luciussulla, who was a dictator of Rome. Because Luciussulla did not approve of the marriage, he tried to force the two to divorce, but they both refused. Julius Caesar studiedRead More Julius Caesar Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesJulius Caesar William Shakespeare has written many plays that touched millions of people throughout the centuries. His works are still the most controversial ones favored by many Literature critics because his plays generate spontaneous debates on issues such as friendship, revenge, human ambitions and moralities that lead to dynamic discussion among people. In the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, friendship vs. duty is one of the major themes that is developed. Ones struggle over the choiceRead More Julius Caesar Essay573 Words   |  3 Pages SUMMARY: Shakespeares Julius Caesar is the story of the resulting conflicts from the assassination of perpetual dictator and Roman emperor, Julius Caesar. A great friend of Caesar, Mark Antony, comes to the senate to see the dead body of their dictator. He pretends to not be angry at those who took part in the assassination, and asks to speak at his funeral, a request which he is granted. However, after the men leave, he begins a soliloquy in which he suggests that Caesars spirit will take revengeRead More Julius Caesar Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesAnd Death of Gaius Julius Caesar In my opinion, no other man in the history of the world symbolizes military and political strength as much as Julius Caesar does. Caesar was born on July 12, 100 BC in Rome, Italy (Encarta 2000). His father belonged to the prestigious Julian clan (Internet Explorer) His uncle by marriage was Gaius Marius, leader of the Populares which supported agrarian reform and opposed the Optimates (Comptons Encyclopedia). Ma rius saw to it that Julius Caesar was appointed flamenRead More Julius Caesar Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesgood king or ruler? Julius Caesar is one of the most famous rulers of all time. He was one of Rome’s greatest and most powerful leaders. His changes to the empire helped take Rome to new levels of success. The life of Caesar was short, yet great. It is important to learn about this great man and his many accomplishments. Gaius Julius Caesar was born on July 13th, 100 B.C. to a poor, Patrician family in Rome (â€Å"Julius Caesar†; Gruen 12). For most of his young life, Caesar lived in an apartmentRead MoreEssay On Julius Caesar928 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. He shrewdly combined military might, institution-building and lawmaking to become Rome’s sole ruler, laying the foundations of the 200-year Pax Romana (Roman Peace) and an empire that lasted, in various forms, for nearly 1,500 years. Ask HISTORY: What does it mean to cross the Rubicon?Play video Ask HISTORY: What does it mean to cross the Rubicon? 3min Coroner s Report: Julius CaesarPlay video Coroner s Report: Julius Caesar 3min Vesuvius: Cult of theRead More Julius Caesar Essay: Decision Making in Julius Caesar862 Words   |  4 Pages Decision Making in Julius Caesar nbsp; Making the right decisions is an ongoing struggle for man, because making decisions is never easy, and the wrong decision can lead to endless perils. Decisions must be made when dealing with power, loyalty, and trust. Yet, unlike other decisions, ones that are about these three fields are the most important, due to the risk involved, and because of the consequences that might follow. nbsp; Power- power is the complete domination of others, and

Telecommunications Companies America Movil Essay - 986 Words

Latin America has been known throughout history to take orders and to have resources taken away from their bare hands. They were never appreciated for the struggles that they went through to provide distant countries with useful resources. Fast-forward to the new twentieth century and Latin America has taken over the corporation scene, an example being the company known as America Movil. A company that is putting Latin American countries on the map once again, but this time no one is managing them instead they are managing themselves. There are many telecommunication companies out in the world but a major one that is taking the world by storm is a company called America Movil; it was founded back in September 2000 by its owner Carlos Slim†¦show more content†¦Along with success comes failure, and Carlos is a victim to it; according to an article in the NY Times in 2009 Carlos slim has been seen as an evil monopolist. Stating that he was not the one who took over the Telmex C ompany rather it was his â€Å" political connections that won him the company.† (p. 4) Also Denise Dresser a political scientist states that Slim did not become rich by his business ways but became rich by â€Å"the favorable government treatment.† Even though the media has a negative outlook of Carlos there is no doubt that his company has made a name for its self. Since America Movil was a side company it has also branched out many new side companies as well, or also known as sister companies. Some of its sister companies are Telmex, Claro, Telcel, and Tracfone Wireless. Since America Movil bought Telmex it has since then been considered a sister company; so Telemex being the same as America Movil it provides the same services like land lines and cellar lines to plenty Latin American countries. According to the NY Times article where Slim was criticized it states that it is known to be one of Mexico’s main line carrier owning 90 percent of Mexico’s tel ephone lines. (p. 4) Moving on to Claro that is also a telecommunication company that provides services to mainly only Latin American, and Caribbean countries, for example countries such as Guatemala, Argentina, Brazil, Puerto Rico, and Honduras and has its Headquarters’ located in Brazil.Show MoreRelatedBrand Recognition Of Telcel America1128 Words   |  5 Pages Brand Recognition Telcel Amà ©rica is a wireless service from TracFone that is mainly targeted for Hispanic consumers, primarily the Mexican community living in the United States. Telcel has a very powerful presence in Mexico. Telcel brand is America Movil s Mexican unit. Telcel brand is well known among persons having strong ties to Mexico, and crossers all along the south border states of the United States of America. TracFone introduced Telcel America as a spin off from the originalRead MoreCompetitive Edge of Vodafones Strategy6494 Words   |  26 PagesVodafones competitive situation explained with the help of SWOT analysis and finally conclusion about Vodafone strategy with regards to competitors will be drawn for current situation. Company History: Vodafone was established as a subsidiary company of Racal Electronic Plc in 1984 in Newbury, London. The company has less than 50 employees at that time. Vodafone is the first cellular network launch in the UK. It was floated in the stock exchange in October 1988. The first digital (GSM) mobile phoneRead MoreLeadership Skills, Being Ceo s Of The World s Biggest Companies2136 Words   |  9 Pagesin the report: 1. Their leadership skills, being CEO’s of the world’s biggest companies 2. Their keys to success, according to them 3. Working strategies adopted by these leaders 4. About their business in general and how they manage their workers and business partners. Aliko Dangote,owner of  «The Dagote Group », Yanai Tadashi; CEO of  «UNIQLO » and Carlos Slim who is the richest man in the world and leader of  «America Movil » all have their own unique business strategies which they use to become successfulRead MoreKey Success Factors For Global Telecommunications And Internet Services Markets1748 Words   |  7 Pages Key Success Factors are the competitive elements of an industry that affect the ability of the participating companies in the industry to prosper. IBIS World identifies five key success factors in the global telecommunications and internet services markets. Economies of scale: Providers that can spread their fixed costs across a large subscriber base hold a competitive advantage. Providers should exploit opportunities to expand market share through penetration or geographic expansion for marketRead More2011 atT Financial Statement Analysis9388 Words   |  38 PagesAnalyzing Owner Financing ................................................. 17 Reporting and Analyzing Off-Balance Sheet Financing .............................. 18 1 1. INTRODUCTION OF ATT Company Profile Products Key Facts Wireless services (ATT is also the brand name used for the company s mobile service) Data Voice Directory (yellow pages) Other value added services The largest telecom operator in the world by revenue The leader in high telecom technology - serving 4G to mass usersRead MoreHistory of Cellphone5233 Words   |  21 Pageshistory going back to  Reginald Fessendens invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the  Second World War  with military use of radio telephony links. Mobile telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone companies in the 1950s.  Hand-held radio transceivers have been available since the Second World War. Mobile phone history is often divided into  generations  (first,  second,  third  and so on) to mark significant step changes in capabilities as the technologyRead MoreMergers Acquisitions: The Case of Microsoft and Nokia Essay23810 Words   |  96 Pageshandset market has led companies to change their business strategies. Indeed, Mergers and Acquisition are considered one of the best strategies to increase shareholder value despite its hardship to be well-implemented. For this reason, a consolidation between Microsoft and Nokia may create new opportunities to challenge the market. Thereby, the focus of this dissertation will be the calculation of the additional value created by combining both firms bearing in mind the companies’ financial situations

What You Should Do to Find Out About Common Application Essay Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Common Application Essay Before You're Left Behind The Basic Facts of Common Application Essay It's difficult to get started writing the college essay application. The application essay is a typical portion of the university and college. A standard application essay is described as college admission essay, which is requested to write whenever you are trying for any admission practice. During its core, the college application essay is about reflection. Let's say you must purchase essay for college. Two new essay options are added, and a number of the previous questions are revised. After all, the college would like to understand what you're about. The majority of the colleges utilize the typical application essay prompts. Some colleges or universities supply you with a list of essay questions but in many instances, you are going to be given the chance to think up a fantastic essay question and topic all on your own and then write about doing it. Given that the absolute most competitive colleges in the nation generally ask you to compose multiple supplemental essays and short answer questions past the major Common Application essay, it's more important than ever to acquire the top-of-the-line assistance that can create a difference in the procedure. A History of Common Application Essay Refuted Actually understand what the driver of the correct essay structure car got stuck. No prompt is inherently superior than every other. Just don't wait over a day or two, particularly in case you have just submitted an application to fulfill a deadline like early act ion or early choice. Make certain you schedule sufficient time for an exhaustive review. Common Application Essay Ideas Your solution shouldn't be a book report. If a question arises that you can't locate the response to, don't hesitate to get in touch with us anytime. Think beyond the box as you answer the subsequent questions. Be ready for the next questions and prompts. After the most important text, it is necessary to include things like a great conclusion. Your main focus at the moment must be to tap in that internal dialogue, and permit us to spectate. Select a few people that you trust to assist you with the editing procedure and stick with them. Before you consider writing an answer to the prompt, you must read the prompt carefully. Consider your thoughts and aspirations and describe how a Cornell Engineering education would enable you to leverage technological problem-solving to enhance the world we reside in. Colleges are interested in a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. The university would like to guarantee validation through endearing success. The Upside to Common Application Essay Have you ever seen your mother seem worried and, for the very first time, notice she is not only your own personal valet but an actual individual. The work, which demands the complete a ttention and a crystal clear mind. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Although my parents have lived in the USA for 20 decades, they've instilled in my brother and me their Japanese lifestyle. What You Should Do About Common Application Essay Beginning in the Next Six Minutes You should talk to your high school counselor if you are not certain which test might be best for you. Information regarding campus safety and security can help you in your choice to apply. When you submit your college application you should examine the admissions section of the site to see whether there's a transcript request form that you must send to your high school. Therefore, if you're thinking about applying to college within the next calendar year, you will probably complete the frequent application. At the exact same time, you are going to impress the college admissions folks greatly if it is possible to present your capacity to learn from your failures and mistakes. Your ideas ought to be delivered strongly in order to describe you as a strong applicant for your fantasy college. Furthermore, there's an allowance to use the identical funny approach utilized by the college. The very first thing you ought to do is visit the college website that you want to attend and complete an application. Common Application Essay Help! The usual application essay is the best platform upon which. The aim of the Common App is the exact same too. The average application is among three strategies to apply to yale for freshman. While the Fall 2018 application won't be live until August 2017, we hope you are going to have the opportunity to think about your responses.

The Prescriptive and Emergent Approaches to Strategic Management free essay sample

Various definitions, approaches and theories have been put forward by scholars to explain strategic management, all looking at the process of strategy at different angles, from two approaches, the emergent and the Prescriptive approaches, trying to propose superiority on either approaches. Some scholars like Porter even advocate other alternative to strategic management. The truth is that, there is no best approaches just a management effort to seek out the best way for survival in this changing and dynamic business world and now in this period of economic turbulence. What is Strategy? From the Greek word ‘strategos’ which means ‘what the general do’, the word strategy dates back to the 1960s where scholars differentiated the schools of thought which has been influencing business life since then. Various definitions have been given to the term ‘Strategy’, according to Johnson and Scholes, strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term which achieves advantages for the firm through its manipulation of resources within a changing business environment to satisfy stakeholders. James Quinn (1998) saw strategy as the pattern or plan that integrates a firm’s major goal, policies and action sequences into a cohesive whole. To organize and allocate the firm’s resources efficiently based on its internal strengths and weaknesses, predictive environmental changes and competitors. Kenneth Andrews (1998) explains corporate strategy as the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objective, purpose or goal, produces the principal policies and plans to achieve those goals, and defines the range of business to be pursued.. Lynch (2009), believes it’s the identification of the purpose of an organisation and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose. Porter (1996) says it’s about achieving competitive advantage through being different. Rowe et al. (1986) says it is the decision process that conjoins the internal capacity of the organization and the opportunities and threats from its business environment. And so on, the list of definitions is endless, but I believe that however strategic management is defined, the major issue is using available company resources to compliment the firm’s external business environment i. e. PESTLEC Model. Methods of approach may differ, but the end result for any firm should be same, to satisfy its stakeholders. The essence of strategic management is to address the over-all long term directions of the company, using SWOT analysis to create the appropriate strategy to cushion changes in the future of the business. Stoner identifies 5 stages of a logical decision making process; the investigative stages (gathering all relevant information on the situation of the business environment   factors), alternative decision development stage, evaluation stage, selection stage, and implementation and follow-up stage. The whole framework of strategy management is integrating corporate objectives with management activities supported by efficient operation functions to achieve effective organizational growth and development at all times especially in these present tough turbulent economy. The corporate management is involved in strategic management; they set the goals and objectives of the firm, stipulate the business culture of the organization, leadership style, agree on the business motives and define the stakeholders of the business. The middle management is then responsible for strategic planning, interpreting the corporate objectives and putting in place strategies to meet these objectives and coordinating operations management to implement it. It’s also used for budgeting and control, long ange planning, future strategic planning and management. According to Aaker (1984), it can also lead to market orientation; understanding, forecasting, and provision of customer’s needs especially in times of market turbulence like we have today, feeds information back to the firm, allow for better knowledge of factors, exposure to opportunities in international markets, improve decision making, help take advantage of available opportunities with company resources at less risks, improves operational process and development, bases for long term planning, and internal efficiencies. All these can also be seen as the advantages of strategic management planning to include managerial value, appraisal of present status, competitive advantage, encourage logical thinking in environmental turbulence, creates alternative approach to business and objectives achievement, allows for continuity, efficiency, growth and development of the firm and finally cushions effect from unforeseen events in the business arena. Strategy may be distinguished in content (what is involved), process (how it is done) and context (where it is done: the business environment). There are two schools of thought on how strategic management can be developed, the emergent and prescriptive approach, anchored by the works of Michael Porter (prescriptive) and Henry Mintzberg (emergent). Mintzberg and Waters(1985) also acknowledged various other types of strategies, but for this paper we’ll consider only the emergent and Prescriptive Approach: this is from the view of long term monitoring and control of business plans for the future, this approach analyses the resources available to the organisation internally (McKenzie’s 7s) and the external environment (Porter’s 5 forces and the   Factors), using the mission and objectives of the firm to formulate various strategies that can support the business in future, from which the most suitable is picked and implemented. It takes into account the organisations position for the future using SWOT analysis, strategic planning, environmental scanning and scenario playing. It is a top-to-bottom management process. Prescriptive approach uses market intelligence, classified objectives, well chosen enemy in this case a dynamic environment, to create an attack strategy and innovates the strategy to predict and cushion the effects of the changes in its business environment. It identifies the purpose of the organization and plans to achieve them. This approach can be likened to a football match, were the coach knows his opponents and forms a strategy to win the match. Prescriptive approach is pre-planned and set in motion to achieve its objectives. The approach also borrows theories from economists like Adam Smith in suggesting that the rationality of man and profit maximization were capable by management. It uses the BCG matrix to allocate resources to its SBUs. Singapore airlines, Spiller foods and Google are firms that engaged in prescriptive approach, unforeseen environmental activities like Sept. 11 and the SARS virus affected the airline, the Spillers was acquired but the approach didn’t fail and Google had to switch to the emergent approach to battle fast growing changes in its industry. Emergent Approach: this approach is constantly active, continuously learning, adapting and adjusting to changes as they come along with the aim of gaining competitive advantage in its industry. It combines recent environmental analysis with available capacity, innovations and technology, to achieve its goal using trials of strategic options to controls changes in its business environment. The approach follows an incremental process reviewing the patterns of the organization and learning from combined experiences from many sources. Mintzberg et al. 1998, argues for emergent rather than planned strategic approach. This approach combines new ways of thinking with available resource and technology to innovate various designs which can be implemented to create competitive advantage. It seeks new market opportunities, experiment and develops market share and growth. The fast changing environment calls for faster updatable changes in strategic management, emergent approach proposes continual revisit to strategy, changing company objectives and enemies and adapting to present consumer needs using technology and innovations. Prescriptive Vs. Emergent There is no 100% emergent approach, there has to be a plan which the emergent approach is built on. The prescriptive approach is based on long term management, has a quick over view of the company making managers plan ahead, it plans ahead, allows for market leading, reduces risks and prepares for setbacks which allows the firm to react quickly to the changes it has planned for. While the Emergent approach is on short term bases, can be costly if failing strategies are always picked, has no fixed time length and definite plan, its ongoing until the need for change arises, not immediately useable by large capital intensive organizations or financial investments, and it’s still based on initial prescriptive approach. On the other hand, the emergent approach is flexible, quick to adapt to market changes, short termed so it can be easily modified, it’s not over dependent on environmental changes but market, uses innovation and technology, managers who uses this approach are quick thinking and create competitive advantage, it is quick and simple to revert when risks occurs, takes immediate actions, create room for market growth and development and finally the approach is not over dependent on its old strategies. While the prescriptive is rigid, uses old thinking, analysis rather than synthesis, the approach may create wrong strategies which are slow to revert, it has no short term plan, the anticipated environmental change are really not predictable, seeks to influence change rather than react to them and office politics may lead to wrong choice of strategic plan. The emergent dynamics has two approaches, nature and intensity of industry competition. The prescriptive uses the â€Å"3S† framework of dynamic development or the aggressive planning competitive strategic management approach. The prescriptive looks at the purpose of the business, the unstable environment, the moving market and the firm’s resources to plan ahead. The emergent seeks new competitive advantages, creates aggressive competing and cooperative strategies to move with change. The content of emergent is trials and experimentation to arrive at different strategic plans which are selected using past learning and technical innovations to gain competitive advantage in a turbulent market with optimal solution and continuity. Changes in the present situation of the market environment is its context, and it follows the process of identifying the problem, proposing strategic plans, picking a suitable plan which will be continued based of success or failure of the plan. The prescriptive involves planning for the future using available resources and analysis of the business environment to achieve corporate objectives. Its context is the firm’s internal resources (7s theory), micro (Porter’s 5 forces) and macro- economic environment.

Holista CollTech free essay sample

According to Dato RaJen, there were religious issues raised in the use of collagen made from cow and pig by Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Muslims and Jews. However, fewer concerns were voiced regarding the use of sheep collagen. Moreover, Australian sheep are generally disease-free and their meat is well accepted globally. 2. Halal ovine collagen Holista CollTechs ovine collagen was sourced mainly from sheep, and was halal certified and thus was culturally acceptable to Muslim consumers55. A halal certification provided assurance to Muslim consumers that the collagens sources and process fulfill the Shariah law. For non-Muslims, the certification guarantees high quality, since the certification will only be awarded if its applicant complies with good anufacturing practices. 3. Collaboration with university Also, in 2009, Holista CollTech group began col-laborating with Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant (CEPP), University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) to conduct research on Kacip Fatimah and its anti-aging effect on skin. For this purpose, in September 2009, Holista CollTech signed an Mou with Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to work on a formulation that would integrate UTM patent pending Kacip Fatimah anti-aging cream preparation with Holista CollTechs ovine collagen formula, which would lead to the commercialization of a face cream in the first quarter of 2010. In September the same year, Holista CollTech teamed up with Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) to develop stability and standardization protocol in extracting halal ovine collagen and to manufacture products that contain halal ovine collagen with other nurturing substances. One important concern addressed in this collaborative work was to produce halal enzymes that were useful in extracting collagen from sheep. It was reported that most of the enzymes currently used to extract collagen were derived from pigs, which is religiously offensive to Muslims. Initially, Holista CollTech utilized enzymes from fungus to avoid using those derived from pigs. However, this resulted in a very expensive process. Therefore, the collaboration with USM was meant to generate halal enzyme, which would help boost Holista CollTechs profits. Meanwhile, in November 2009, the companys collaborative research effort with 111M nad produced several results, and the company and several Ill M scientists n applied for patents for the nanotechnology collagen and collagen eye drops. As of December 2009, the company had worked with five Malaysian companies that had ood manufacturing practice (GMP) certification, which was approved by the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MOH) and certified by the World Health Organization (WHO). 4. Company awarded with the BioNexus status. By September 2009, Holista CollTech was one of about 126 companies in Malaysia awarded with the BioNexus status. In July 2007, the company was awarded the BioNexus status, which was a recognition granted to biotechnology firms that had fulfilled the criteria relating to biotechnology research and innovation set by the BiotechCorp, the agency responsible for monitoring BioNexus companies. Among others, BiotechCorp stipulates that a biotechnology firm must be involved in exploiting leading edge biotechnologies. The status, which was introduced in 2006, grants a biotechnology firm tax-deferred advantages, priority in getting government funding and access to BiotechCorps expertise and networks. . Comprising investors from Malaysia, Australia, Thailand and Singapore In addition to the AUD 500,000 raised in private placements in July 2009, in September 2009, the company successfully raised another AUD 2. 5 million of private placements comprising investors from Malaysia, Australia, Thailand and Singapore. Around that time, Holista CollTech also announced that its estimated sales fgure for 2009 would be about RM20 million (approximately USD6. 7 million). 6. Company obtains RM2 million loans from Malaysia Debt Ventures Bhd. MDV). MDV. By November 2009, Holista CollTech had received many sales orders for its ovine collagen from the Malaysian food and beverage industry and also from abroad. The company expected these sales to generate about RM9. 5 million in revenue. The orders enabled the company to obtain RM2 million loans from Malaysia Debt Ventures Bhd. (MDV). MDV, a subsidiary of the Malaysian Ministry of Finance, was a pecialized financial institution that provides financing to companies such as Holista CollTech that have received orders. This funding helped Holista CollTech to finance the extraction and formulation of food grade collagen. It also served as working capital for the full commercialization of the companys food grade ovine collagen. 7. Holista CollTech group provided training and development programs As it grew, Holista CollTech group needed to have a new management team to drive the company and it also needed to develop a second management layer. This was accomplished by hiring, firstly, three Malaysians with sales and marketing ackground, and secondly, people with more experience in product registrations and laboratory tasks. In addition, according to Dato RaJen, in order to move forward the company needed to employ more people with international background to began promoting their products overseas, especially in China, India and other countries. As part of its retention program, Holista CollTech group provided training and development programs and enrich the working experiences ot its employees by allowing them to travel overseas and meet foreign researchers. In addition, its training programs focused on product registration, intellectual property and arketing. The company planned to attract new talents and to broaden its retention package for existing employees by stock options. 8. Total Health Concept was designated as the marketing arm of the Holista CollTech Group. In December 2009, Total Health Concept was desig-nated as the marketing arm of the Holista CollTech Group. All the Groups brands would be distributed through Total Health Concept, which would market them via pharmacies, or through Alterni, which sold the products directly to consumers. In the beginning of 2009, Holista had already launched ABDROL and by December the company had marketed more than 30 nique products in various areas of health. The companys Total Health Concept products were available in many pharmacies, including Guardian outlets throughout Malaysia, more than 25 Guardian outlets in Singapore and some outlets in Brunei. Alterni, on the other hand, continued to be the only Malaysian direct-to-customer healthcare company for the past eight years 9. Strong RD team. Holista CollTech tropical botanic businesses competed with both local and foreign companies. The tropical botanic-based businesses included botanical RD and also herb extracts. The RD subsidiary, Tropical Botanics, was not only involved in cientific research, but also contributed to the current debates in the science of botany, mainly tropical herbs, by publishing its research findings in many scientific publications and reports. 10. High sales orders for its ovine collagen from the Malaysian food and beverage industry and also from abroad. ompany expected these sales to generate about RM9. 5 million in revenue. Weaknesses 1 . Company faced a limited budget for future expansion. Mayban, the venture capitalist for the Holista Biotech since 2004, started to cash out its shares in the company and planned to dispose its holding in the company ompletely by the end of 2010. The main reason for the exit was that Mayban, as a government-based entity, was not allowed to invest in a foreign li sted company. 2. Product development in health and cosmetics is well-known to have a long gestational period and requires huge investment 3. Holista Colldid not have its own RD facility As Holista CollTech did not have its own RD facility, the development team members who were directly involved in research and product development would be stationed in labs. They were usually stationed at locations where the company had collaborative works. For example in December 2009, the companys development team members did their work at USM and UTM labs. Opportunity 1. Malaysia, being rich in natural resources and having a strong agriculture-based industry, provides a solid foundation for a thriving biotechnology industry The 2006 MARDI report stated that Malaysia had an estimated 15,000 known plant species, of which 3,700 were known to be useful with 2,000 species reportedly having medicinal value9. This abundant supply provides a strong basis for the development of natural products, which could contribute to an increase in the production of ingredients for ood and drink, cosmetics and natural health supplements (also called dietary or nutritional supplements).